Protech OS Installation

How to Install Protech OS ? [For Absolute Beginners]
I am writing this tutorial for people who are new to Linux Distro's and Installation. Considered you have Windows XP Installed already in your computer. And this Installation method best suitable for Dual Booting option(Both Windows & Linux). Also including Screenshots for better clarity in understanding. Partitioning It would be great if you have Hiren Boot Disk for partitioning and formatting a part of the disk (may be complete) to allot it for Protech Installation. Boot the Hiren Disk and Resize or Create the partition in which you like to perform the installation. The format must be EXT2 or EXT3. I normally prefer Norton Partion Magic which is available as the first option in that Hiren Boot Menu -> Partition Tools . Hiren actually consist of many useful disk, recovery and security related tools. Take a look at the sample screenshot below.
Once done with this step, you will see a GUI Partition window where you can simply complete the Partition Job with the help of mouse if the driver available by default in the Hiren CD. * Remember you must have define the partition space for protech as atleast 5GB. Load the Protech CD
Reboot the computer after partitioning and formatting done. Now place the Protech OS CD into the CD Drive and Boot the computer using Protech. Follow the below steps to begin the Installation Process. 1 . Select Install or Upgrade option available as first in the Boot Menu Screen. 2. If you like to do any Memory or CD/DVD Error check you may do so by selecting the 3 rd and 4 th options. 3. Wait till it loads into desktop. As by default it boots as Live OS we must wait till the Desktop Loads Successfully. Also remember Protech is based on Ubuntu. Hence it is possible to use the Software Repository of Ubuntu as well as Debian by default. 4. Once loaded into the Desktop you can navigate the controls and options by simply doing Right Click in the Mouse.
5 . Application TAB Consist of Editors, Multimedia, Net, Programming and System Utilties. 6 . Next comes the Security Tools option, the one differentiate Protech OS from other Security Distributions. It actually contains a good recognized Security Software that one should play with. 7. You may change the default them to your wish in the Fluxbox Menu. 8 . Let's move on to "HOME" to begin the Installation Process. In the New Window you will see the only icon named as Install when you are in Live CD. 9. In the Pop up window you can select the default setups need to be configured. This is similar to Windows or Ubuntu Installation Steps. 10 . It is very important that you must select the Partition Space alloted previously using Hiren Boot Disk. 11 . Alright ! Configure your Root login and password, then partition selection and finally begin the installation process. 12. Once its started you may need to wait for 20 mins to 30 mins ( Depending on the Processor Speed ) to transfer the Compressed files from CD to the Hard Drive. 13 . Yummy ! Installation completed and it will prompt you for Rebooting ( Remove the CD from the CD / DVD Drive ). 14. It's all done now. You are ready to use the Protech OS with various security Tools. It also works as a Best Desktop OS for me.

Automated scp on Linux

Scenario You would like to automate the export of SQL dump files from one Linux server to another using scp. These dump files are to be generated and exported once every two weeks. You also wish to archive these dump files on the source server. So let’s say the servers and directories are as follows: Source Hostname: perak
Username: nazham
Dump file directory: /home/nazham/data_export/current
Archive directory: /home/nazham/data_export/archive/yyyymmdd Target Hostname: selangor
Username: romantika
Target directory: /home/romantika/data_import Passwordless scp First you need to set it up so that you don’t need to enter a password for scp. The overall picture is as follows:
At the source server, generate a pair of public and private keys [1] using RSA.
Store the private key in a specific place in the source server.
Store the public key in a specific place in the destination server.
And that’s it! Now you’ll no longer be prompted for a password when using scp.
One-off steps # login to perak with username nazham
ssh-keygen -t rsa
# choose default location, no passphrase - just press enter at all prompts
scp ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub romantika@selangor:/home/romantika/.ssh/authorized_keys
# I'm assuming the file authorized_keys does not exist!
# otherwise, you need to append the contents of id_rsa.pub to it.
crontab -e
# add the following:
# 1 0 1,15 * * nazham /home/nazham/run_data_export >> /dev/null 2>&1
# which means, run at 12:01 am every 1st and 15th of the month
mkdir ~/data_export
mkdir ~/data_export/current
mkdir ~/data_export/archive The run_data_export script todaysDate=`date +%Y%m%d`
oldDate=`date -d '1 year ago' +%Y%m%d`
exportDir=data_export
mysqldump -u username -ppassword -r ~/$exportDir/current/filename dbname tablenames
echo $todaysDate > ~/$exportDir/current/importdate.txt
scp ~/$exportDir/current/* romantika@selangor:/home/romantika/data_import
mkdir ~/$exportDir/archive/$todaysDate
rm ~/$exportDir/current/importdate.txt
mv ~/$exportDir/current/* ~/$exportDir/archive/$todaysDate
if [ -d ~/$exportDir/archive/$oldDate ]; then rm -r ~/$exportDir/archive/$oldDate; fi The Linux date command I’m very impressed by the Linux date command. This might be old news to some, but the fact that I’m able to say date -d '1 year ago' or date -d '30 days ago' completely blows the mind. Notes [1] From Pass on Passwords with scp: “If you’re not familiar with public key cryptography, here’s the 15-second explanation. In public key cryptography, you generate a pair of mathematically related keys, one public and one private. You then give your public key to anyone and everyone in the world, but you never ever give out your private key. The magic is in the mathematical makeup of the keys; anyone with your public key can use it to encrypt a message, but only you can decrypt it with your private key.”

Challenge - Customize Notification Icons in vista

Suppose some of the icons in your Notification Area (Systray) are annoying you and consequently you want to hide them. My challenge is can you find the Properties sheet for the Notification Area? One trap is to click too far to the left and select the Properties sheet for the Taskbar, another trap is click on the actual speaker icon instead of on a vacant black area.Once you spring up the menu shown to the right, you can select Customize Notification Icons directly from the short cut menu. Alternatively, you can select Properties and then Customize Icons. To fulfil my objective, we can now focus on the 'Behavior' Column and choose to 'Hide'. Repeat this last sequence for each of the Notification Icons that annoy you.

Remove linux from your system safely and restoring mbr

First of all you need to know where your Linux OS is installed to. that is what drive it is currently living on. Bear in mind that Linux formats the drive as HFS rather than Fat/Fat32 or NTFS. ( These are the file systems used by various Operating Systems).
So HFS Partitions are not seen by windows, so its hidden.
To remove the partitions of Linux in WindowsXP go to your 'Control panel' > Admistrative Tools > Computer Managment
Open 'Disk Management' and you will see your Linux drives recognised as 'Unknown Partition' plus the status of the drive. Bearing in mind you know what partition and disk you installed to it will be easier to recognise as the drive/partition where you had installed it to.
Once you have identifed the drives, 'right-Click' on the drive/partiton and select 'Delete Logical Drive'
Once you have followed this through, you will now have free space.
This next part is very important. Once you have formatted the drive, re format it as your required file system type. either Fat32 or NTFS. Now the important part is coming up !
Fixing your Master Boot Record to make Windows Bootable again.
Have a Windows Boot disk with all the basic DOS Commands loaded on to the disk. A standard Windows 98/Me Boot Disk will work too.
Type in the DOS command :
e.g, from your C:\
fdisk /mbr
Or use your Windows XP run the recovery console, pick which xp install you would like to boot in to (usually you will pick #1)
then type: fixmbr. Answer Y to the dialoge.
Your master boot record will now be restored and Windows XP will be bootable once again. Your System will be restored with your original boot loader that you got with Windows XP.

10 ways to Tweak your Linux Boot Process

Linux rarely needs to be rebooted. But when it does, it's often slow to boot. Fortunately, there are ways to speed things up. Some of these methods are not terribly difficult. (although some, unfortunately, are). Let's take a look.
#1: Disable unnecessary services
Depending upon the use of the machine, plenty of services won't be needed. Using Linux just for a desktop? Then you won't need sendmail, httpd, and many other services. If your server is only a web server, you can shut off many services as well. To do this, you can go to the Administration menu and take a look at the Services entry. Just deselect all of the services you don't want to start.
#2: Disable unnecessary kernel modules
If your desktop is wired to the Ethernet, you don't need to have a wireless kernel module loaded. This task is a bit more difficult and will require a kernel recompilation, which is not the easiest task to undertake. To do this, you will need the kernel sources. Then, follow the standard steps for compiling a kernel. The difference is that you're going to go through your system and disable all of the modules you don't need. The best way to find out what kernel modules currently install and run on your system is to install Bootchart. Not only will this give you a good list of modules, it will illustrate for you what is happening during your system boot. You can also issue the command chkconfig -list | grep 3:on to find out what services are running. Once you know what loading modules you don't need, you can remove them during a kernel recompilation. While you're at it, compile the kernel to exactly match your architecture.
#3: Use a lightweight window manager instead of GNOME or KDE
I plug smaller footprint window managers for a reason - they drastically reduce graphical boot time. Instead of having to wait that extra 30 to 60 seconds for GNOME or KDE to boot up, why not wait two to 10 seconds for Enlightenment or XFCE to boot up? Not only will they save you boot time, they will save your memory and the headache of dealing with bloatware.
#4: Use a text-based login instead of a graphical login
Most of my Linux machines boot to run level 3 instead of run level 5. This will halt at the text-based login, where I only have to log in and issue startx to start my desktop of choice. The graphical logins do two things: increase load times and create headaches trying to recover from an X windows fubar.
#5: Use a lighter-weight distribution
Instead of loading the heavyweight Fedora, why not try a Gentoo, Arch, or Puppy Linux? The boot times for these smaller distributions are far faster than the more bloated Fedora (and even Ubuntu). Of the larger distributions, OpenSuSE claims to boot the fastest, but I have not personally tested this. Between the latest Fedora and Ubuntu, Ubuntu blows Fedora's boot times away (and that is out of the box).
#6: Use an OpenBIOS
If you're savvy enough to upgrade your PC's firmware, you might consider migrating to an open source BIOS. One caveat to using open firmware is that it allows Linux to actually initialize the hardware as it boots (instead of relying on the BIOS). On top of that, many open BIOSes can be configured to meet your machine's specific needs. If you don't go the open BIOS route, you can at least configure your BIOS to not search for a floppy drive that's not there or to boot directly to the first hard drive (instead of the CD drive first).
#7: Avoid dhcp
If you are working on a home network (or a small business network) where address lease isn't a problem, go with static IP addresses. This will keep your machine from having to call out to a dhcp server to get an IP address. If you take this approach, make sure you configure your /etc/resolve.conf to reflect your DNS server addresses as well.
#8: If you can spare it, get rid of hotplug
Hotplug is the system that allows you to plug in new devices and use them immediately. If you know your server won't need this system, delete it. This will cut down on boot time. On many systems, hotplugging consumes much of the boot time. Removing hotplug will vary depending upon the distribution you use. NOTE: udev has, for the most part, replaced hotplug. But if you're running an older distribution, this does apply.
#9: If you are REALLY daring, you could give initng a try
The initng system serves as a replacement for the sysvinit system and promises to drastically decrease boot times in UNIX-like operating systems. If you would like to see the initng system in action, you can give the Pingwinek livecd a try.
#10: Use a hack with Debian
If you're using Debian, there is a simple hack you can use to switch your startup scripts to run in parallel. If you look at the /etc/init.d/rc script, you will see: CONCURRENCY=none around line 24. Change this line to CONCURRENCY=shell and you should see a reduction in boot times. That's about it. Of course there are always more and better hacks out there. But the above should mostly cover everything. The good news is that you're most likely already running Linux, so the burden of boot times is generally eased by the infrequency of reboots.

Hacking Windows Using Linux

here i m writing the trick which allows you to hack the admin password of windows using linux.
Firstly,Windows is installed on you computer and then you need a live CD of linux,here we will use a live CD of UBUNTU.
Boot from the Live CD and perform the 7 easy step to hack the windows Admin password.
Steps:
1: Install a program called chntpw
Command is: $ sudo apt-get install chntpw
The rpm pakage installed is the packege to change password.
2: After successfully installing chntpw, you have to access the Windows NTFS partition by mounting it and allowing read/write support.
Use Mount system Call.
3 : After that, navigate to WINDOWS/system32/config
use cd command to navigate.
4: Once inside the config directory, issue this command:
$ sudo chntpw SAM
Command to reset admin password.
As you are in Linux the security of windows is bypassed and the password can be changed easily.
5: A long display of information will follow.
Just ignore them.
6: Once you are prompted to reset the password , it is recommended to leave the password blank with an asterisk (*).
7: Reboot, with windows and you can now login to Windows with full administrative access.
The trick displayed here is for educational purpose only.
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